FREQUENCY OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH SPINAL SCOLIOSIS USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Introduction: Spinal scoliosis is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine measuring at least 10 degrees on the Cobb angle. It may arise due to congenital vertebral anomalies, idiopathic causes, or neuromuscular and developmental conditions. Scoliosis is a major cause of spinal deformity and can be associated with a range of clinical manifestations depending on the severity and location of the curve. Patients may present with postural abnormalities, unequal shoulders or hips, and neurological symptoms such as pain, numbness, or radiculopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a critical tool for diagnosing the underlying structural and neurological abnormalities associated with scoliosis. Early detection and classification of clinical features through MRI can help guide management strategies and reduce disability. This study aims to determine the frequency of clinical manifestations in scoliosis patients as confirmed by MRI findings.

Objective: To determine the frequency and distribution of clinical manifestations in patients diagnosed with spinal scoliosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Ghurki Trust and Teaching Hospital, Lahore. A total of 100 patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of spinal deformity were screened, out of which 100 patients met the inclusion criteria. These patients had a confirmed diagnosis of congenital, developmental, or idiopathic scoliosis based on clinical examination and MRI findings. The study included individuals with lower back pain, radicular symptoms, limb numbness, weakness, and postural asymmetry. MRI was used to assess spinal curvature and identify underlying vertebral and neural axis anomalies. Data were collected regarding demographic characteristics and clinical symptoms.

Results: Of the 100 patients included, 52% were female and 48% were male. MRI confirmed 40% of cases as congenital scoliosis, 40% as developmental scoliosis, and 20% as idiopathic scoliosis. Back pain was the most commonly reported symptom, observed in 43% of patients. Numbness or tingling was present in 30% of patients. Radiculopathy of the lower limbs occurred in 21%, while 17% had pain radiating to the upper limbs. Shortness of breath was the least reported symptom (6%). MRI findings also revealed associated abnormalities, including low-lying conus medullaris (39%), vertebral height reduction (47%), disc bulge (11%), and vertebral displacement (15%).