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Abstract
Background:
X-ray imaging is an extensively utilized diagnostic modality in clinical practice worldwide. Despite its considerable diagnostic value, exposure to ionizing radiation may pose potential health risks, particularly with repeated or unnecessary examinations. Adequate patient knowledge regarding radiation-related hazards and appropriate protective measures is therefore essential. This study aimed to assess patients’ awareness of the potential hazards associated with X-ray imaging and evaluate their perceptions regarding radiation safety measures at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2025 to November 2025 at the Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 200 patients were recruited using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire assessing participants’ knowledge regarding radiation, awareness of the potential effects of X-ray exposure, and perceptions concerning appropriate safety measures during X-ray procedures. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, while the chi-square test was applied to determine associations between categorical variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
Of the 200 participants, 116 (58%) were aware of the term radiation, whereas 84 (42%) had no awareness. A statistically significant association was observed between educational level and awareness of radiation (p=0.003). Television was identified as the most common source of information regarding radiation (65.5%). Although 161 participants (80.5%) considered protective lead shielding important during X-ray examinations, 143 (71.5%) reported that they had never been provided with a lead sheet. Furthermore, 142 participants (71%) stated that they did not request protective shielding when it was not provided. Educational status was significantly associated with the practice of requesting a protective lead sheet (p=0.012).
Conclusion:
The findings demonstrate insufficient patient awareness regarding ionizing radiation and the potential hazards associated with X-ray imaging. Although most participants recognized the importance of protective shielding, its provision and utilization remained inadequate. Strengthening patient education, improving communication between healthcare professionals and patients, and ensuring consistent implementation of radiation-safety practices may help reduce unnecessary radiation exposure and enhance patient safety.