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Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia is one of the most common metabolic complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Although several studies have reported a high burden of dyslipidemia among diabetic patients, local evidence from a tertiary healthcare setting in Pakistan remains limited.
Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of dyslipidemia among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) attending PIMS Hospital, Islamabad, and to evaluate its association with demographic and clinical characteristics.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 127 adult patients with T2DM attending the OPD and Central Diagnostic Laboratory of PIMS, Islamabad. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. Dyslipidemia was defined according to established lipid profile criteria. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26, and statistical significance was set at p <0.05.
Results: Among the 127 participants, 88 (69.3%) had dyslipidemia. Low HDL cholesterol was the most common lipid abnormality (49.6%), followed by hypertriglyceridemia (33.1%), elevated LDL cholesterol (24.4%), and hypercholesterolemia (18.1%). Mixed dyslipidemia was identified in 51.2% of affected patients. Female gender (p=0.04) and longer duration of diabetes (p=0.02) were significantly associated with dyslipidemia, whereas age showed no significant association (p=0.31)
Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus attending PIMS Hospital, with low HDL cholesterol being the predominant abnormality. Routine lipid screening and timely management should be incorporated into diabetes care to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.