Abstract
Background- Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remained the most prevalent nutritional disorder in children worldwide, with significant consequences for growth, cognition, and development. Despite widespread awareness, gaps identified in diagnosis and management, particularly in district Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. This study evaluated the diagnostic practices, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes of IDA in children of three districts of AJK. Aim / Objectives- The study aimed to assess the diagnosis and treatment patterns of IDA in children aged 6 months to 14 years, to identify associated risk factors and clinical manifestations leading to IDA.Design/Methods- A descriptive cross-sectional study design using self-structured questionnaire consisted of demographics, clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment modalities based on WHO anemia classification was conducted at four hospitals in District Mirpur, Bhimber, and Kotli. Where 160 children with IDA were approached conveniently. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, applying descriptive and inferential statistics for significant associations.- Results The study was comprised of 160 children having IDA among which 56.3% were males and 43.8% were females. Majority respondents (56.3%) aged 6–59 months. Low birth weight (35%) and urban residence (86.9%) were prevalent. Fatigue (93.8%), pallor (65%), tachycardia (59.4%), and poor appetite (65.6%) were common. Severe IDA (Hb <7 g/dL) affected 23.8%. Serum ferritin was low in 97.5%, however TIBC, transferrin saturation rarely performed. 76.3% received oral ferrous fumarate, 25.6%), yet 98.8% of caregivers were unaware of the correct dosage. IV iron sucrose was given to 31.9%, with 91.3% receiving adjunct Vitamin C. Poor diet (49.4%), malabsorption (40.6%), and low birth weight (33.1%) were significant contributors Conclusion- IDA remained a major public health concern in AJK, driven by improper diagnosis and treatment. Despite oral iron being first-line therapy, poor monitoring and inconsistent dosing highlighted the need for implementing protocols, healthcare worker training, and community awareness