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Abstract
Background
Chronic recurrent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation is a painful condition that is defined as recurrent anterior displacement of the condyle over the articular eminence, causing pain, difficulty in chewing, speech problems, and recurrent difficulty in mouth closure. Minimally invasive and cost-effective, autologous blood injection has proved to offer potentially good clinical results.
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of autologous blood injection in the superior joint space alone and the superior joint space with peri-capsular tissue injection to treat chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation.
Place and duration of study: From May 2025 to October 2025 Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Sandeman Provincial Hospital / Bolan Medical College / Hospital Quetta.
Methodology: The prospective observational study caws carried out for six months in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique, a total of 140 patients with chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation were included. A total of 18 60-year-olds were enrolled if they had recurrent dislocation for over 6 months. Patients with ankylosis, infection, trauma, coagulation disorders, and previous TMJ surgery were excluded. The participants were split into two groups, each with an equal number of patients. Group A was given an injection in the superior joint space only, and Group B was injected into the superior joint space and peri-capsular tissue. Follow-up was performed after one and three months. The data were analysed by SPSS version 25.
Results
The 140 patients, 82 (58.6%) were females and 58 (41.4%) were males, with a mean age of 35.8 ± 10.4 years. Recurrence was observed in 20% patients in Group A and 7.1% in Group B (p=0.031). Significant reduction in mouth opening and pain scores was observed in Group B compared with Group A (p<0.05). Overall success rates were 80% and 92.9%, respectively.
Conclusion
Autologous blood injection is a safe, effective treatment for chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation. Superior joint space and peri-capsular tissue injection is more effective and has a lower recurrence rate versus superior joint space injection alone.