Abstract
Background: Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), including Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), remain a major public health concern, particularly among multi-transfused patients. Individuals suffering from chronic conditions such as thalassemia and hemophilia require repeated blood transfusions, which significantly increase their risk of acquiring these infections.
Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among multi-transfused patients and to evaluate the associated demographic and clinical risk factors.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on multi-transfused patients. Blood samples were collected and screened for HBV, HCV, and HIV using Immunochromatographic test (ICT) methods, followed by confirmation through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Demographic data, including age, gender, and clinical diagnosis, were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between risk factors and infection status.
Results: The findings revealed that HBV had the highest prevalence (41.7%), followed by HCV (36.1%) and HIV (22.2%). The majority of patients (70%) were below 15 years of age, and males (62.8%) were more affected than females (37.2%). Thalassemia was the most common underlying condition (67.8%), followed by hemophilia (32.2%). A significant association was observed between infection rates and the frequency of blood transfusions, indicating increased risk with repeated exposure.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates a high burden of TTIs among multi-transfused patients, emphasizing the need for strict blood screening protocols, implementation of advanced diagnostic techniques such as nucleic acid testing (NAT), and strengthening of vaccination and awareness programs. Continuous monitoring and improved transfusion safety measures are essential to reduce infection rates in high-risk populations.