Abstract
Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) constitutes a vital part of cardiac surgery which takes the place of heart and lung functions temporarily. Alpha-stat and pH-stat are blood gas management techniques, which are crucial in ensuring that there is an acid-base balance, cerebral perfusion and stability of physiological state during CPB.Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes of alpha stat and pH-stat blood gas management strategies during cardiopulmonary bypass. Methodology: It was a descriptive analytical study that looked at 100 patients who underwent cardiac surgery using CPB. The sample involved children and adults. The demographics, anthropometrics, surgical variables, CPB parameters, blood gas and hemodynamic variables, and postoperative outcomes were determined. Results: The sample size (100 patients) was divided into two groups (alpha-stat (48) and PHstat (52) strategies). The two methods ensured that intraoperative hemodynamic and blood gas parameters were stable. Independent t-test revealed significant differences in CPB, pH, PaCO 2, MAP, PaO 2, the length of ventilation and length of stay (p < 0.05) but the cross-clamp time did not show significant differences. Alpha-stat was linked to reduced ventilation time and stay in hospital showing improved postoperative recovery.
Conclusions: Both alpha-stat and pH-stat approaches were useful in sustaining sufficient physiological parameters in case of cardiopulmonary bypass. Nonetheless, alpha-stat presented improved postoperative results, such as reduced ventilation time and hospitalization, which demonstrated increased recovery. Conversely, pH-stat was more applicable in pediatric patients since it has the benefit of improving cerebral perfusion