FREQUENCY OF MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of modifiable risk factors for chronic kidney disease in a tertiary care hospital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Nephrology at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, between January and June 2025. Patients were enrolled consecutively over six months using a non-probability sampling method. A total of 104 participants were included, with the sample size determined through OpenEpi using a 5% margin of error. Adult patients (≥18 years), of either gender, with CKD at any stage were eligible for inclusion.

Results: The study enrolled 104 CKD patients, including 51 males (48.1%) and 53 females (51.9%), with a mean age of 50.9 ± 14.9 years and a median eGFR of 23 ml/min/1.73 m², indicating advanced disease. Long-standing hypertension was observed in 80 patients (76.9%) and diabetes mellitus in 75 (72.1%). Other risk factors included dyslipidemia in 48 (46.2%), prolonged herbal medication use in 44 (42.3%), smoking in 34 (32.7%), chronic obstructive uropathy in 25 (24.0%), and recurrent renal stones in 22 (21.2%).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high burden of modifiable risk factors, especially diabetes, hypertension, and herbal medication use, among CKD patients, emphasizing the importance of early detection, targeted interventions, and public health strategies to prevent disease progression