Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is considered to be one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic diseases in the world and is identified by the persistent hyperglycemia caused by the defects of insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Uncontrolled long-term diabetes is linked with a series of microvascular and macrovascular complications which pose a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Of these complications, diabetic nephropathy is believed to be one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal impairment in diabetic patients can progress slowly and can be asymptomatic in the initial stages, so it is crucial to make renal impairment diagnosis as early as possible. Thus, routine checks of renal functionalities with simple, reliable, cost-effective biochemical tests like serum urea and serum creatinine, also known as renal function tests (RFTs) are important to prevent irreversible renal impairment.
Purpose of the Study: The targeted study compared and contrasted the parameters of renal function tests in diabetic and non-diabetic people. It further attempted to establish the prevalence of renal failure in patients with diabetes, evaluated how length of diabetes affected renal functioning status, and found early biochemical predictors of diabetic nephropathy.
Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional research was carried out on adult patients of age 18 years and above till 90 years. The patients were separated into two groups: diabetic and non-diabetic controls. The serum samples taken under normal aseptic condition were tested using a fully automated biochemistry analyzer. The estimation of parameters such as serum urea and serum creatinine were determined by the conventional laboratory procedures. Demographic and clinical information (age, gender, duration of diabetes, etc.) was also taken. The statistical comparison of the mean values of renal parameters in the two groups was conducted and the significant associations was established.
Results: It was expected that the level of serum urea and serum creatinine would be very high among diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic individuals signifying a decreased renal function. Moreover, the patients that had a higher duration of diabetes were anticipated to exhibit more changes in the renal parameters, which indicated progressive nephropathy with the duration of chronic disease.
Conclusion: The research results of the current study are likely to highlight the need of regular renal function check-ups in diabetic patients to help in early detection of nephropathy. Simple biochemical tests are also capable of early screening and various interventions can be initiated promptly and delay the onset of chronic kidney disease and patient outcomes. The research also gives baseline information on the renal dysfunction of the diabetic groups and reinforces the importance of proper laboratory practices in the effective management of healthcare.