Abstract
Probiotics are microscopic living organisms, when consumed in adequate amounts results in health benefit to the host. They have been used for thousands of years in fermented foods, including yogurt, cheese, and soy. Probiotics balance the gut flora or bacteria in our gut, fight off bad bacteria, help to digest food, boost immunity, and can even have impact on mood and brain function. Their effects are further enhanced when simultaneously administered with the prebiotics or synbiotics. Probiotics provides benefit to people of all ages, from infants to seniors, and have the potential to assist the digestive, metabolic and immune systems. They are generally safe although some individuals may have mild adverse effects, and in rare cases, serious complications may arise, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. This review describes the history, classification and the potential beneficial effects, mechanisms of action as well as the safety aspects of probiotics, demonstrating their significance for human health.