Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a critical period of rapid growth with increased nutritional demands and long-term health implications. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), adolescents experience a complex nutritional burden characterised by persistent undernutrition alongside rising overweight and obesity. Despite its importance, adolescent nutrition remains under-prioritised, and available evidence is fragmented.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) and grey literature were searched for studies published between 2018 and 2025. Studies involving adolescents aged 10–19 years in LMICs were included. Data were charted and synthesised using a narrative approach.
Results: Thirty-four studies were included, predominantly cross-sectional (~60%). A high burden of malnutrition was observed, with anaemia commonly reported in 20–50% of adolescent girls, alongside persistent stunting and thinness. Concurrent increases in overweight and obesity were noted, particularly in urban settings. Dietary patterns were characterised by low diversity, frequent ultra-processed food consumption, and meal skipping. Interventions including supplementation, school-based programmes, and policy measures showed modest but inconsistent effectiveness.
Conclusion: Adolescent nutrition in LMICs remains a significant public health challenge requiring integrated, multi-sectoral strategies. Strengthening implementation of evidence-based interventions and addressing structural determinants are essential to achieve sustainable improvements in adolescent health outcomes.