FREQUENCY OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG TYPE-2 DIABETIC PATIENTS PRESENTING TO MTI – KHYBER TEACHING HOSPITAL PESHAWAR

Abstract

Background:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Identification of its frequency and associated risk factors is essential for early intervention and prevention of complications.

Objective:
To determine the frequency of NAFLD and its associated risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients presenting to MTI–Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, MTI-KTH, Peshawar, from 1st July 2024 to 31st December 2024. A total of 186 patients aged 30–70 years with T2DM were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. NAFLD was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasonography. Data regarding demographic variables and risk factors (obesity, smoking, hypertension) were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, and associations were assessed using chi-square test with p ≤0.05 considered significant.

Results:
The mean age was 52.18±8.64 years. NAFLD was present in 112 (60.2%) patients. Obesity (66.1% vs 18.9%), smoking (62.5% vs 29.7%), and hypertension (75.0% vs 27.0%) were significantly associated with NAFLD (p <0.001). No significant association was observed with gender, residence, or socioeconomic status.

Conclusion:
NAFLD is highly prevalent among T2DM patients and is strongly associated with modifiable risk factors. Early screening and risk factor control are essential to reduce disease burden.