Abstract
Background
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices play a critical role in determining the growth, health, and survival of children during the first two years of life. Proper breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices help prevent malnutrition, reduce infection risks, and promote optimal development. However, inappropriate feeding practices remain common in many developing countries including Pakistan (Black et al., 2013; World Health Organization [WHO], 2021).
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess Infant and Young Child Feeding practices among mothers with children aged 0–24 months in Village Shingak, Parachinar, Kurram District, Pakistan.
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2019. A total of 100 mother–child pairs were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, breastfeeding practices, complementary feeding patterns, dietary intake, feeding during illness, water and sanitation conditions, and immunization status. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and summarized using descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations.
Results
Breastfeeding was practiced by 98% of mothers, while early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour was reported by 81% of respondents. Colostrum feeding was practiced by 88% of mothers. Complementary feeding was introduced at a mean age of 6.36 ± 1.43 months. Cereals and dairy products were commonly consumed, whereas intake of fruits, vegetables, and animal-source foods was limited. During illness, most mothers reduced feeding frequency. Immunization coverage among children was generally high.
Conclusion
Although breastfeeding practices were generally satisfactory, complementary feeding practices and dietary diversity were inadequate. Community-based nutrition education programs are needed to improve feeding practices and child nutrition outcomes.