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Abstract
Background: Piriformis syndrome (PS) is a neuromuscular condition caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. It is an important yet underdiagnosed cause of low back and buttock pain, especially in populations exposed to prolonged sitting and poor postural habits. University students, particularly those in health sciences, are at increased risk due to extended academic sitting hours and inadequate ergonomic facilities.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of piriformis syndrome and its association with prolonged sitting and cross-legged sitting among allied health sciences students in Peshawar, Pakistan.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2023 among 198 allied health sciences students selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.72), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the FAIR test for piriformis syndrome diagnosis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Results: The overall prevalence of piriformis syndrome was 61.61%. Females showed a higher prevalence (32.92%) compared to males (18.68%). Cross-legged sitting aggravated pain in 80.8% of participants. Nearly half (47.97%) of the students could not sit for more than 30 minutes, and 47.47% used wooden chairs. Moderate to severe pain (VAS 6–10) was reported by 77.77% of affected students. Pain interfered with daily activities in 30.30% of participants.
Conclusion: Piriformis syndrome is highly prevalent among allied health sciences students in Peshawar. Prolonged sitting, cross-legged posture, and poor seating ergonomics are strongly associated with PS. Preventive strategies, ergonomic interventions, and awareness programs are urgently required.