Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Healthcare workers in operating theatres (OTs) are highly exposed to physical, cognitive, and organizational stressors that lead to ergonomic issues and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). These problems affect staff well-being, patient safety, and overall healthcare efficiency. Despite global recognition of these risks, little evidence exists from Pakistan, particularly in the tertiary care settings of Mardan.
Objectives: This study sought to determine the prevalence of ergonomic issues and WRMDs among OT staff in tertiary care hospitals in District Mardan and identify associated demographic, physical, cognitive, and organizational risk factors.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 165 OT professionals, including surgical and anesthesia staff, at Mardan Medical Complex. Stratified random sampling was used. Data were collected via a validated questionnaire assessing demographic information, workload (NASA-TLX domains)(1)(2)(3), physical ergonomics, cognitive ergonomics, and organizational ergonomics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlations in SPSS. Statistical significance was set at p < .05.
Results: Musculoskeletal pain during shifts was reported by 89.1% of staff, with 87.3% reporting lower back pain. Major risk factors included prolonged standing (35.2%), poor workstation design (27.3%), and repetitive tasks (26.7%). High mental demands were reported by 35.8% of staff, while 34% experienced significant temporal workload. Years of experience showed a negative correlation with both physical and cognitive workload (p < .05).
Conclusions: Ergonomic challenges and WRMDs are widespread among OT staff in Mardan, consistent with international trends. Targeted interventions such as improved workstation design, staff training, shift adjustments, and organizational support are urgently required.