ANALYZING HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS IN KARACHI

Abstract

This study analyzes health concerns that extreme weather, especially heat waves and flooding in cities, pose to vulnerable urban population in Karachi. The focus of the study is to look at the kind, frequency, and severity of health effects caused by extreme weather incidents caused by climate change, as well as to find areas where local coping and public health responses are lacking. The study employed quantitative research methodology and focused on adults (18 and older) who lived in four high-risk Districts of Karachi areas: Korangi, Lyari, Malir, and Orangi Town. A structured questionnaire was administered among N=200 participants who were literate in English language by using purposive sampling who had all been directly exposed to extreme weather conditions because of their job nature. For quantification of the data SPSS (Version 24) was used to ensure reliable results. Study used descriptive statistics (means, frequencies, and percentages) to analyze the reported health outcomes. There were two main findings: first, a lot of people of all ages, but especially older adults, reported getting sick from the heat (for example, dehydration and heatstroke). Second, after urban flooding, lower-income households were much more likely to get sick from waterborne diseases (for example, diarrhea, skin infections, and dengue).
The results show that problems with infrastructure, like not having enough drainage, not being able to get clean water easily, and having intermittent electricity, make the health effects of extreme weather worse. The results of the study reveal climate change is a big threat to public health in Karachi's urban population. It is recommended better urban planning, localized early warning systems, and healthcare services that can handle climate change.