FREQUENCY OF STERNAL WOUND INFECTION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS AFTER CABG IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PESHAWAR INSTITUTE OF CARDIOLOGY

Abstract

Sternal wound infections (SWIs) remain a persistent complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), particularly among diabetic patients who have impaired immunity, microvascular complications, and delayed wound healing. Despite technological advancements, including heightened surveillance and improved perioperative care, infection control continues to be a major challenge in this high-risk population. This study aimed to determine the frequency of SWIs among diabetic patients undergoing isolated CABG and to identify associated risk factors contributing to infection development. A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, including 163 diabetic patients who underwent isolated CABG. Patients with emergency surgeries, pre-existing infections, or concurrent procedures were excluded. SWIs were classified as superficial or deep based on established clinical criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 27. Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed associations between clinical variables and SWI occurrence, with p-values <0.05 considered statistically significant. Out of 163 patients, 17 (10.4%) developed SWIs—12 (7.4%) superficial and 5 (2.9%) deep. Prolonged ICU and hospital stays were significantly associated with SWIs (p < 0.001 for both). Other variables, including age, BMI, HbA1c, gender, co-morbidities, and preoperative CRT, did not show significant associations. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the predominant pathogens identified.