EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF HYPERTENSION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND GENDER IN 2025 IN FAISALABAD, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are two of the most common non-communicable diseases that have led to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality across the world. The prevalence of these conditions is rising in Pakistan especially in urban areas such as Faisalabad, although there is limited localized epidemiological data available. The study was a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2025 that sought to determine the prevalence of hypertension and the relationship between hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and gender in adults in Faisalabad, Punjab. The sample size was 230 respondents aged over 18 years, who were sampled using stratified random sampling. The measurements of blood pressure and lipid profile were carried out with standard clinical procedures, and sociodemographic data were determined with the help of structured questionnaires. The results indicated the prevalence of hypertension of 50.0% and hyperlipidemia of 43.0% among the participants. There was a statistically significant relationship between hypertension and hyperlipidemia, as indicated by the Pearson Chi-Square test (2 = 6.688, p = 0.010), continuity correction (p = 0.015), likelihood ratio test (p = 0.010), and Fisher Exact Test (two-sided p = 0.012; one-sided p = 0.007). The linear-by-linear association also confirmed this association (p = 0.010) which means that the association was not likely to be a result of chance. On the contrary, gender did not show any statistically significant relationship with hypertension, and all Pearson Chi-Square (x 2 = 0.667), likelihood ratio (0.667), and Fisher Exact Test (p = 0.774) gave p-values more than 0.05. These findings indicate that hyperlipidemia is strongly linked to hypertension but gender does not seem to determine its prevalence in this sample. The research highlights the value of early screening and treatment of hyperlipidemia as a modifiable risk factor of hypertension and the need to intervene with specific public health measures that focus on metabolic risk factors within the population.