ASSOCIATION BETWEEN METABOLIC SYNDROME AND CT KUB FINDINGS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated conditions, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance, which together increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and renal complications. In recent years, research has highlighted the growing incidence of MetS and its potential impact on renal health. Computed Tomography of Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder (CT KUB) is a commonly employed imaging modality to evaluate patients with flank pain, hematuria, and suspected urolithiasis. This study explores the potential link between MetS and radiological abnormalities detected on CT KUB.

Objective: To evaluate the association between Metabolic Syndrome and findings on CT KUB, and to determine whether individuals with MetS are more likely to exhibit renal abnormalities such as calculi, nephrocalcinosis, or other structural pathologies.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital. A total of 150 adult patients referred for CT KUB due to urinary complaints were included. Relevant clinical and biochemical parameters such as waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol levels were recorded. Diagnosis of MetS was based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. CT KUB findings were reviewed for the presence of renal calculi, hydronephrosis, nephrocalcinosis, and other abnormalities. Data were statistically analyzed to compare CT findings between MetS and non-MetS groups.

Results: Of the 150 patients enrolled, 72 (48%) met the diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome. Among these, 60% had abnormal CT KUB findings, primarily renal calculi and nephrocalcinosis. In comparison, only 35% of patients without MetS demonstrated similar findings. A significant statistical correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between the presence of MetS and the likelihood of abnormal CT KUB findings. The association was particularly strong in patients with elevated triglycerides and increased waist circumference.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant association between Metabolic Syndrome and abnormal findings on CT KUB. Patients with MetS are more prone to developing renal pathologies, most notably nephrolithiasis. These findings emphasize the need for early detection and management of MetS to prevent complications related to renal health. Routine metabolic screening in patients with urinary complaints may be beneficial in clinical practice.