PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN CATTLE OF DISTRICT SWABI, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal parasites are a significant constraint on cattle health and productivity, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. These parasites can cause substantial economic losses due to reduced growth, lower fertility, and higher mortality rates. Despite their importance, limited data exist on the prevalence of these parasites in cattle within District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle across District Swabi, providing baseline data to inform targeted parasite control strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2023-24, across four tehsils (Lahor, Razzar, Swabi, Topi) in District Swabi. A total of 400 fecal samples were collected from cattle of varying ages, sexes, and body conditions. Samples were examined microscopically using flotation and sedimentation techniques for the presence of nematode, trematode, and cestode eggs and larvae. Species identification was performed based on standard morphological keys. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square testing with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 35% (140/400). Nematodes were the most prevalent group (19%), followed by trematodes (10%) and cestodes (4.25%). Mixed infections were observed in 1.75% of cattle. Among nematodes, Trichostrongylus spp. (10.25%) and Ostertagia ostertagi (5.5%) were most common. Significant variation was observed among tehsils (p < 0.001), with Tehsil Swabi reporting the highest prevalence (48%) and Tehsil Lahor the lowest (21%). Conclusion: This study confirms a substantial burden of gastrointestinal parasitism in cattle of District Swabi, with notable differences between tehsils. These findings emphasize the need for evidence-based parasite control programs, including strategic anthelmintic use, farmer education, and improved pasture management, to minimize production losses and improve animal welfare in the region.