ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE SURVEILLANCE AS A GLOBAL HEALTH PRIORITY: A REVIEW OF HEALTH-SYSTEM APPROACHES, SURVEILLANCE STRATEGIES, AND POLICY CHALLENGES

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance or AMR is a growing health danger. It weakens the power of medicines raises sickness and death linked to health care and burdens health systems all over the world. Good AMR surveillance is vital. It helps spot patterns of resistance directing proper use of antimicrobials back infection control and shapes health policies that rely on facts. Yet many countries still have surveillance. They face gaps in lab strength, diagnostic tools, data quality, ways to report staff numbers and health‑system leadership. The World Health Organization’s Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System or GLASS has pushed for AMR data gathering and sharing. At the time One Health ideas are growing, showing how humans, animal, food and environment all feed into antimicrobial resistance. This review looks at AMR surveillance as a health‑system task. It focuses on methods, lab and community monitoring, tracking antimicrobial use linking data and new digital and genome‑based tools. It also digs into policy and action hurdles: broken surveillance networks, poor coverage, weak money support, uneven data rules and loose ties, between sectors and bodies. Building national surveillance through steady funding, agreed methods, data systems that talk to each other about lab growth, staff learning and firmer national and global rules is key. It will give useful proof and help the world fight AMR better.