Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Type II Diabetes Mellitus can cause progressive kidney damage leading to diabetic nephropathy. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive and reliable method for evaluating renal parenchymal changes and kidney dimensions. Objective: To assess renal parenchymal echogenicity and renal dimensions in Type II diabetic patients using ultrasonography. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 68 patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at Idrees Hospital, Sialkot. Patients aged 30–70 years of both genders were included using convenient sampling. Renal ultrasonography was performed to assess kidney dimensions, cortical thickness, echogenicity, and corticomedullary differentiation. Clinical and laboratory data, including serum creatinine and eGFR, were also recorded. All findings were documented on a structured proforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: A total of 68 diabetic patients (mean age 52.56 ± 11.29 years) were included. Grade I renal parenchymal disease was the most common finding. Increased echogenicity was seen in >90% of patients, with reduced or absent corticomedullary differentiation in most cases. Renal dimensions were below normal. HbA1c showed a negative correlation with renal size, while a positive correlation was observed with diabetes duration. Higher parenchymal grades were associated with lower eGFR and higher serum creatinine, indicating worsening renal function. Conclusion: Renal parenchymal abnormalities are common in Type II Diabetes Mellitus, most often Grade I, and are associated with poor glycemic control and longer disease duration. Ultrasonography is an effective, non-invasive tool for early detection and monitoring of diabetic nephropathy.