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Abstract
Objective: This study examined how bariatric surgery affects type 2 diabetes and hypertension in patients with severe obesity over a six-month post-operative period.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from March 2025 to August 2025. Ninety patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m² and coexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension unresponsive to standard medical therapy were included. Patients underwent either sleeve gastrectomy or mini-gastric bypass. Pre- and postoperative measurements included body weight, BMI, fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and medication use. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests with SPSS version 26.0.
Results: Bariatric surgery led to clear and meaningful improvements across all measured health parameters. On average, body weight dropped from 125.31 kg to 94.91 kg, and BMI decreased from 47.21 kg/m² to 35.71 kg/m². Mean HbA1c levels improved from 9.02% to 6.37%, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) fell from 198.54 mg/dL to 114.76 mg/dL. Blood pressure also improved significantly, with systolic pressure decreasing by 26.17 mmHg and diastolic pressure by 11.81 mmHg. In addition, patients required fewer medications after surgery, with the mean use of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs reduced by about 60% postoperatively.
Conclusion: Within six months, patients experienced substantial reductions in weight, blood sugar, blood pressure, and medication dependence. These findings demonstrate the significant efficacy of surgery in managing obesity-related conditions, though longer follow-up is needed to confirm lasting benefits.