PREVALENCE OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND ASSOCIATED CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AMONG FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Abstract

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age and is associated with menstrual disturbances, hyperandrogenism, metabolic abnormalities, and impaired psychosocial well-being. Early identification among young women is essential to reduce long-term reproductive and metabolic complications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and describe its associated clinical manifestations among female university students.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 383 female university students selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, menstrual history, and clinical manifestations associated with PCOS. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics, while Chi-square tests were performed to determine associations between demographic variables and PCOS-related clinical manifestations. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05.

Results

Among the 383 participants, 80 (20.9%) reported a previous diagnosis of PCOS. Most participants were aged 20–25 years (62.7%), had normal body weight (53.8%), and attained menarche between 13 and 15 years of age (55.6%). The most frequently reported clinical manifestations were chest/back hair growth (65.3%), menstrual cramps (39.7%), irregular menstrual periods (39.4%), abdominal bloating (39.2%), upper lip/chin/abdomen hair growth (21.1%), depression (15.4%), fatigue (11.5%), and milky nipple discharge (11.5%). Significant associations were observed between age and concern about overweight (p < 0.001), family history and headache (p = 0.002), body weight and depression (p < 0.001), body weight and excessive hair growth (p < 0.001), and obesity and difficulty maintaining ideal body weight (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Approximately one in five female university students reported PCOS, indicating a considerable burden within this population. Menstrual disturbances, hyperandrogenic features, and weight-related concerns were common manifestations. These findings emphasize the importance of early screening, lifestyle modification, and multidisciplinary management strategies to improve reproductive, metabolic, and long-term health outcomes.