Frontier in Medical & Health Research
Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025), Articles
Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025)

FREQUENCY OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS ATTENDING IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Articles
Published 2025-05-17
  • Dr. Farman Ullah
  • Prof Dr. Sijad Ur Rahman
  • Dr. Muhammad Kashif Khan
  • Dr. Ahmad Raza Nasir
  • Dr. Muhammad Haris
Dr. Farman Ullah
Prof Dr. Sijad Ur Rahman
Dr. Muhammad Kashif Khan
Dr. Ahmad Raza Nasir
Dr. Muhammad Haris
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Keywords

Congenital Heart Disease, Infants of Diabetic Mothers, Glycemic Control, Echocardiography

How to Cite

FREQUENCY OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS ATTENDING IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL. (2025). Frontier in Medical and Health Research, 3(3), 1515-1523. https://fmhr.net/index.php/fmhr/article/view/3407
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Abstract

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most frequent congenital anomalies and a major contributor to infant morbidity and mortality. Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are at increased risk due to hyperglycemia during fetal development. However, prevalence estimates vary widely depending on diagnostic methods, definitions, and population characteristics.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of CHDs among infants of diabetic mothers and to explore associated demographic and clinical factors.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Gajju Khan Medical College, Swabi, Pakistan, over six months. A total of 360 infants (0–12 months) born to diabetic mothers (gestational or pre-existing) were included through convenience sampling. Maternal demographic and clinical details were collected, and infants underwent clinical examination and echocardiography for CHD detection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, and associations between maternal/neonatal factors and CHDs were examined using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests.

Results: CHDs were diagnosed in 8.1% of infants (29/360). The most frequent lesions were atrial septal defect (3.6%) and ventricular septal defect (2.8%), followed by coarctation of the aorta (0.8%), transposition of the great arteries (0.6%), and tetralogy of Fallot (0.3%). No significant associations were found between CHD occurrence and maternal age, type of diabetes, glycemic control, gestational age, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, mode of delivery, or infant sex (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion: This study highlights a notable prevalence of structural CHDs in infants of diabetic mothers, predominantly septal defects. Routine echocardiographic screening and optimal maternal glycemic control are crucial to reduce undetected cases and improve outcomes. Multicenter studies with larger cohorts are needed to refine risk stratification and guide prevention strategies.

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