Abstract
Background: Due to the growth of digital device use in today’s society, Digital Eye Strain (DES), known as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), has grown considerably. Approximately 50% to 90% of individuals using a computer or other display device will experience atypical symptoms associated with Digital Eye Strain, such as fatigue, dryness, blurred vision, and headaches. While one potential cause of Digital Eye Strain is the blue light produced by computers, digital devices and smartphones, many patients and caregivers have begun utilizing some type of blue light blocking intervention. Purpose: This review aims to evaluate the impact of blue light blocking lenses on digital eye strain, highlighting their effectiveness in reducing symptoms and improving visual comfort among frequent digital device users. It also examines the role of environmental and behavioral factors associated with screen use. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of published literature was conducted, including randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and experimental research focusing on the effects of BLB lenses on DES. Data were analyzed with emphasis on symptom relief, visual performance, sleep quality, and variations in study design, lens characteristics, and duration of use. Results: Overall, there is sufficient evidence that Digital Eye Strain (DES) is a common, multifunctional component affecting individuals. Primary causes include: prolonged exposure to screens, reduced blink rate while looking at a screen, prolonged near activity, poor ergonomic positioning of the body in relationship or proximity to a screen, and poor environmental influence. Current research has proven that the amount of blue light emitted from a typical digital device is not associated with retinal damage. Randomized controlled studies and thorough systematic reviews consistently fail to demonstrate significant or clinically meaningful improvements in symptoms associated with Digital Eye Strain (DES) by wearing blue-light filtering lenses. Any benefit of improving DES symptoms appears to be more closely related to behavioral and ergonomic adjustments than to simply blocking blue-light emitted from digital device. Conclusion: Interventions that block blue-light demonstrate very little efficacy in reducing digital eye strain, which is primarily influenced by behavioural and environmental factors; not just blue light exposure alone. Therefore, visual breaks every 20 minutes, proper ergonomics, and optimal use of screens are more impactful than simply reducing blue-light exposure. Additional research using standardized, objective measures is recommended to develop evidence based management strategies.