Abstract
Background: Pakistan has one of the ultimate diabetes mellitus (DM) burdens in the world, with Sindh province recording the ultimate parochial prevalence at 32.3%. rustic communities in the Hyderabad district remain disproportionately susceptible delinquent to structural, socioeconomic, and behavioural determinants that have yet to be adequately characterized
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults residing in rustic areas of the Hyderabad district, Sindh, and to identify and quantify the associated modifiable and non- modifiable risk factors.
Methods: A community- based cross- sectional study was conducted across six rustic union councils of the Hyderabad district from January to March 2026. A total of 1,247 big participants aged ≥18 years were enrolled using multistage cluster random sampling. Blood glucose was measured using fast capillary glucose and confirmed with venous plasma glucose. Structured interviews captured sociodemographic data, anthropometrical measurements, family history, dietetical patterns, and personal activity levels. Multiple logistical regression was performed to determine the self- reliant predictors of DM.
Results: The overall prevalence of DM was 18.7% (95% CI: 16.5–20.9%), with an other 9.4% identified as having impaired fast glucose (pre-diabetes). Prevalence was higher in males (21.2%) than in females (16.4%). noteworthy self- reliant risk factors on multivariate analysis included age ≥50 years (aOR 4.31; 95% CI: 2.89–6.44), family history of DM (aOR 3.17; 95% CI: 2.12–4.74), abdominal obesity (aOR 2.86; 95% CI: 1.93–4.24), personal inactivity (aOR 2.04; 95% CI: 1.41–2.95), hypertension (aOR 1.97; 95% CI: 1.33–2.91), steady sugary beverage consumption (aOR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.21–2.56), and contemptible instructive attainment (aOR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.10–2.39). Notably, 38.7% of all identified ill participants were antecedently undiagnosed.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus represents a outstanding and considerably undiagnosed open health burden in rustic Hyderabad. The high proportion of antecedently undetected cases underscores severe gaps in rustic elementary healthcare screening. Targeted community- based interventions addressing lifestyle modification, active case- finding, and health literacy are urgently needed