Abstract
Background of Study: the postpartum period is a crucial time for family planning treatments, many countries still have low rates of contraceptive use. This study assessed postpartum modern contraceptive utilization and related factors among women attending immunization clinics in Quetta, Pakistan.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 10 to May 10, 2026, among 400 postpartum women attending immunization clinics in Quetta. A structured questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, maternal health service utilization, knowledge of contraceptive methods, and current modern contraceptive use. SPSS version 24 was used to analyse the data. Chi-square tests were used in bivariate analysis to look at relationships, and multivariable logistic regression identified factors independently associated with postpartum modern-day contraceptive use.
Results: The Prevalence of postpartum modern contraceptive use was 59.5% (95% CI: 54.5-64.5%). The most popular method of birth control was injectable contraceptives (44.8%), followed by oral pills (26.8%) and implants (23.2%). Main reasons for non-use included phobia of side effects (26.5%), Fear of breast milk changes (24.1%), partner opposition (21.6%), and wanting another child soon (19.1%). Factors independently associated with utilization included formal education (AOR=2.059), four or more ANC visits (AOR=2.615), PNC attendance (AOR=3.119), previous family planning use (AOR=3.880), family planning counseling (AOR=6.175), menses resumption (AOR=3.384), sexual activity resumption (AOR=9.021), and having four or more living children (AOR=3.048).
Conclusion: Postpartum modern contraceptive utilization in Quetta was suboptimal, with two out of five women not using contraceptives during the first year after delivery. Strengthening family planning counseling during antenatal and postnatal care, integrating family planning into immunization services, engaging male partners, addressing misconceptions about side effects and breastfeeding, and promoting girls' education are recommended strategies to increase postpartum contraceptive use.