Abstract
Objective:
Earlier research has indicated that insufficient sleep has harmful impacts on multiple systems, with observable alterations in metabolic, endocrine, and immune processes. Both brief and extended sleep durations are linked to a higher risk of diabetes and hypertension. Nevertheless, the connection between sleep duration, sleep quality, and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) remains unclear among the Pakistani population. We investigated the notion that sleep length (relative to <6 h) and sleep quality (PSQI > 5) are contributors to CAD risk.
Methods:
A controlled and retrospective study was performed involving 354 adults (>18 yrs) participants (177 controls and 177 cases, 60% male, average age M = 51 ± 9.38). The quality and duration of sleep were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Low sleep quality and inadequate sleep duration were characterized as PSQI >5 and total sleep time <6.0 h, respectively. Patients with OSA were not included in the study. The primary outcome of interest was the occurrence of any CAD (n = 177), which included MI, angina, and stroke. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined through Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis.
Results:
We identified that both inadequate sleep quality and reduced sleep duration were independently linked to CAD. In comparison to a total sleep duration of 6.0 hours, the multivariate odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for CAD was 3.81 (1.69 to 8.58), while for poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), it was found to be 16.62 (9.13 to 30.28).
Conclusion:
A positive correlation was found between both brief sleep duration and inadequate sleep quality with CAD in a chosen group of Pakistani adults. These findings indicate that inadequate sleep quality and limited sleep duration could be significant changeable CAD risk factors within the Pakistani population