SAMPLING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY: PRINCIPLES, METHODS, AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

Sample collection is critical procedure in laboratory. Sampling and diagnostic investigations are the first step in MLT to solve the problems of patient by taking their blood samples for disease diagnosis.  Approximately 70% of medical decisions are based on result of test that performs in lab. Accurate collection, handling and documentation of specimen are crucial to attaining valid results and assure patient safety. This article equips an exhaustive overview of indispensable protocols participating in lab medicine, with three crucial steps of examination: transport and collection of sampling in [pre-analytic], standard and regular calibration comes in [analytic], results, documentation and records in [post- analytic] stages. Detail study in principle of sampling by highlight care and safety of patient, management of infection, and meticulousness accuracy for venipuncture by including proper order of draw and value of venous stasis in lab. Furthermore, article investigate different types of sampling technique, procedures, methods of examination, culturing procedures, microscopic analysis and also chemical investigations of differ biological specimens. They are also highlight revolutionary, groundbreaking role of automation and contemporary laboratory technologies and different types of up-to-date techniques for decreasing, curtailing manual errors, mistakes and improving diagnostic speed for reporting of test results. It terminates by accentuating therapeutic importance of complying with Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), measuring of quality controls, keep records and documentation, and appropriate use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) to assure the conveyance of valid, correct, accurate, and consistent results that eventually intensify healthcare standards and safety of patient.