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Abstract
Background: Essential hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Hyperslipidaemia is often associated with hyperlipidaemia and contributes to the risk of cardiovascular complications such as IHD, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Multiple metabolic derangements have been observed and are becoming common in developing countries such as Pakistan, where people are more sedentary, overweight, and have poor dietary habits and disease control measures. Objective: To determine the frequency of the dyslipidemia in the cases with essential hypertension.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out in the Department of Medicine, Sharif Medical City Hospital Lahore during June 2024 to December 2024. The population of people that were enrolled in this study were 260 patients of age 25-75 years diagnosed with essential hypertension, of which 112 were female and 148 were male, using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients without diabetes mellitus, without cardiovascular disease or who had been taking antihypertensive drugs for over one year were excluded. Standardized procedures for measuring blood pressure were used. Venous fasting blood samples were drawn for evaluation of lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides). This data was analysed in SPSS version 23.0.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 52.3 ± 11.4 years. Among the 260 hypertensive patients, 148 (56.9%) were males and 112 (43.1%) were females. 154 (59.2%) patients had dyslipidemia. Raised LDL cholesterol was the most common abnormality and raised triglycerides the second most common abnormality. The incidence of dyslipidaemia was significantly higher in the patients who were the highest BMI and were older than 50 years (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that dyslipidaemia is very common in essential hypertension. The management of lipid abnormalities should be integrated within a proactive approach to hypertension in order to decrease cardiovascular risk and, in turn, the outcome.