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Abstract
Objective: To determine serum adiponectin level and find its relationship with cardiac enzymes in type 2 diabetic patients having coronary heart disease.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study performed for a period of six months. We randomly selected 60 type 2 diabetic patients presenting with first episode of myocardial infarction to the Cardiac Care Unit of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. We also selected age and sex matched 60 healthy controls. The cases were labelled as group A while the controls group B. We recorded detailed history and demographic characteristics of the participants on a well-structured questionnaire after obtaining a well informed consent. A 5 mL of fasting blood sample was collected from the study participants, and analyzed for the biochemical parameters. Serum adiponectin and troponin I were estimated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured using Micro Lab Analyzer. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 21. Independent student’s t test was used to compare variables between the two groups. Pearson’s correlation coefficient r was used to find association of adiponectin with various cardiac enzymes. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: We observed significantly low levels of serum adiponectin in cases (3.2±1.1 vs. 11.7±2.6 µg/mL, P=<0.0001). All the cardiac enzymes were significantly higher in cases: Troponin I (15.7±14.6 ng/mL vs. 0.014±0.02 ng/mL), CK (389±43.36 vs 165±6.78 U/L). LDH (474.54±40.53 vs 321.59±28.9 U/L) and ALT (115.28±25.63 vs 45.37 ± 14.6 U/L). A negative correlation was observed between adiponectin and troponin I (r = –0.62, p<0.001) and CK (r = –0.54, p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of our study show that serum adiponectin is significantly low in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and is related with significantly high cardiac enzymes in these cases with myocardial infarction. Adiponectin may serve as a protective biomarker in diabetic coronary heart disease.