HOST GENETICS, HPV STRAIN DISTRIBUTION, AND VACCINE UPTAKE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Background:

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of cervical cancer, particularly in Asian countries where disease burden is increasing. Variations in HPV genotype distribution, host genetic susceptibility, and low vaccine uptake contribute to the complexity of HPV epidemiology in this region.

Objective:

 To review the role of host genetics, HPV strain distribution, and vaccine uptake in shaping HPV-related disease patterns in Asia.

Methodology:

 A comprehensive literature review was conducted using published studies from Asian populations. Data were analyzed focusing on HPV genotype prevalence, molecular genetic variations, host immune factors, and vaccination coverage.

Results:

 The findings indicate that HPV genotype distribution in Asia differs from Western populations, with higher prevalence of HPV52 and HPV58 alongside HPV16 and HPV18. Host genetic factors, particularly immune-related genes such as HLA, influence susceptibility to persistent infection and disease progression. Multiple HPV genotype co-infections were also observed, adding complexity to disease outcomes. Vaccine uptake remains low in many Asian countries due to sociocultural barriers, lack of awareness, and healthcare system limitations.

Conclusion:

 HPV epidemiology in Asia is influenced by an interplay of host genetics, viral diversity, and public health factors. Improving vaccination coverage, increasing awareness, and conducting further research on host–virus interactions are essential to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in the region.