Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Background:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasingly prevalent metabolic disorder of pregnancy, particularly in the Gulf region, and is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. It is linked to poor maternal and infant outcomes, such as preterm labor, cesarean section, macrosomia, and hypoglycemia of the newborn. However, the influence of GDM on pregnancy outcome in the UAE is not systematically measured.
Objectives:
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the maternal and neonatal outcomes of GDM in the UAE and other parts of the world. The review in particular aims at combining the research findings of the studies focused on cesarean birth, preterm birth, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia and other critical complications to offer a better insight into the burden of GDM in these groups.
Methods:
Systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was done to find out the studies that were published between 2000 and 2024. Studies comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes in GDM versus non-GDM pregnancies were included. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as per the PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Results:
The final analysis involved 10 studies, encompassing populations from the Gulf region and other countries. The pooled analysis revealed that GDM was associated with significantly increased risks for cesarean section (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.28–2.53, I² = 96.2%), preterm birth (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09–2.30, I² = 88.2%), fetal overgrowth (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 2.00–3.01, I² = 58.7%), and neonatal hypoglycemia (OR = 4.64, 95% CI: 3.74–5.75, I² = 0%). Additionally, GDM was associated with neonatal jaundice (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 2.09–2.73, I² = 0%) and increased preeclampsia risk (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.01–2.31, I² = 68.6%).
Conclusion:
This meta-analysis suggests that GDM is associated with increased odds of several adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Early diagnosis and appropriate management may help reduce these risks. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management of GDM is essential in enhancing maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The results highlight the importance of specific interventions to decrease the GDM burden in the UAE and other similar areas.