ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

Abstract

Background:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health problem closely linked with metabolic abnormalities. Its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains complex and variable across populations, necessitating further local research to clarify this association.

Objective:
To determine the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome.

Methods:
This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from 15th October 2024 to 16th April 2025. A total of 164 participants (82 cases with metabolic syndrome and 82 healthy controls) aged 18–60 years were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. NAFLD was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasonography (US-FLI >1). Metabolic syndrome was defined according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Association was assessed using chi-square test and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.

Results:
The mean age was comparable between cases and controls (49.40±7.50 vs 49.62±7.42 years). NAFLD was present in 22 (26.8%) cases and 11 (13.4%) controls. A statistically significant association was found (p=0.032) with an odds ratio of 2.36 (95% CI: 1.06–5.27). Stratification showed a significant association with socioeconomic status (p=0.036), while age, gender, BMI, residence, and profession were not significantly associated.

Conclusion:
Metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. Early identification and management of metabolic risk factors are essential to reduce disease burden