FREQUENCY OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AMONG CASES OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: CAP is a significant hospitalization and mortality problem across the globe. CAP can be accompanied by systemic inflammation, hypoxia, and sepsis that can condition predisposition to acute kidney injury (AKI) that greatly deteriorates prognosis. The timely detection of AKI in CAP patients could enhance the outcomes with its early intervention.

 Objective: To establish the prevalence of acute kidney injury in the cases of community-acquired pneumonia.

Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of General Medicine, Lady Reading hospital from November 2024 to April 2025. One Hundred Eighty patients aged 18-70 years were enrolled using non-probability sampling that was consecutive. CAP had a clinical and radiological diagnosis. The definition of AKI was based on serum creatinine (increase 0.3 mg/dl in 48 hours or 1.5 times baseline in 7 days). The SPSS version 25 was used to analyze data.

Results: Among 180 patients with CAP, AKI was observed in 82 patients (45.6%). AKI was significantly associated with advanced age, diabetes, hypertension, and higher BMI (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion: One of the common complications in patients with CAP is AKI. Renal monitoring at an early stage among CAP patients is necessary in order to decrease morbidity and enhance clinical outcomes.