Keywords
Sociodemographic Factors
Sedentary Lifestyle
Risk Factors
Diabetic Complications
Socioeconomic Status
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a growing public health problem; world-wide prevalence is 11.11%. And it is associated with serious complications. Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviors influence disease progression and complications.
Objective: To assess the association between sociodemographic factors, risk factors, and complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Material methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 207 Type 2 diabetic patients at Peoples Medical Civil Hospital Nawabshah. Patients aged above 30 years of both gender who consented to participate were included and patients with type 1 diabetes and other chronic illnesses unrelated to diabetes were excluded. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Frequencies, percentages, and Chi-square tests were applied to determine the associations.
Results: The mean age of participants was 51.18 ± 10.73 years. Male participants were included 56.52% of sample, while females involved 43.48%. Age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, and residence were significantly associated with diabetes risk factors and complications (hypertension, kidney problems, vision impairment, delayed wound healing and weight changes). Male participants showed higher association in smoking, tobacco, and alcohol use. Rural and low-income participants experienced poorer self-care practices and higher complication rates. Education level demonstrated a strong association with risk factors and complications, Mean fasting blood glucose was 207.39 mg/dl, indicating poor glycemic control.
Conclusion: Findings of this study concluded that Sociodemographic characteristics, life style behaviors and environmental factors were significantly associated with the risk factors and complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Poor glycemic control unhealthy lifestyle were common among patients especially among rural, low education and income participants. Health education and improved access to healthcare are essential to reduce the burden of diabetes.