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Abstract
Background: Precise refractive assessment is fundamental for achieving optimal visual correction. In children and young adults, active accommodation during refraction frequently results in over-minus prescriptions, compromising visual comfort and accuracy. The fogging technique is commonly employed to relax accommodation; however, evidence documenting its effectiveness in routine clinical practice within local settings remains limited.
Objective: To assess the impact of the fogging technique on visual acuity and refractive accuracy among patients undergoing refraction at DG Khan Medical College.
Methods: This retrospective, record-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Ophthalmology Department of DG Khan Medical College. Clinical records of patients who underwent routine refraction with the application of fogging technique between January 2021 and December 2023 were reviewed. Data extracted included demographic characteristics, pre-fogging and post-fogging visual acuity, and refractive measurements. Patients with incomplete records or ocular pathologies affecting vision were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS to compare refractive outcomes before and after fogging.
Results: Analysis of patient records demonstrated a notable improvement in post-fogging visual acuity and a reduction in minus spherical power following the application of fogging. These changes indicate improved refractive accuracy by minimizing accommodative interference. The effect of fogging was more pronounced in younger patients, highlighting the role of accommodation control in this age group.
Conclusion: The fogging technique is a simple, cost-effective, and reliable method for improving refractive accuracy by reducing accommodation-related errors. Its routine use during subjective refraction, particularly in younger patients, is strongly recommended to prevent over-minus prescriptions and enhance overall visual outcomes.