THE GLOBAL RESPONSE TO MONKEYPOX: PREVENTION, VACCINATION, AND BARRIERS TO CONTROL

Abstract

Although monkeypox is mostly found in Central and West Africa, a zoonotic viral disease brought on by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), has spread around the world and is now a serious public health concern. The virus can spread from person to person through bodily fluids, sores, or respiratory droplets, as well as zoonotically through animal contact. In people with weakened immune systems, it can affect in severe cases and this outbreak takes place on its own. The 2022 global outbreak was caused by International travel, human-animal contact, and a reduction in smallpox immunity. It signaled the virus's expansion outside of endemic areas particularly for healthcare professionals, so, preventive measures including personal hygiene, isolation, and wearing protective gear are mandatory. In clinical settings, Antivirals like Tecovirimat and vaccination with smallpoxderived vaccines like JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 are essential for managing the illness as well. Containment requires the use of public health measures like contact tracing, quarantine, and early diagnosis. Effective prevention is, however, hampered by obstacles like poor healthcare infrastructure, false information, stigma, and practical difficulties, particularly in environments with limited resources. Mitigating monkeypox epidemics requires addressing these issues through improved surveillance, focused immunization campaigns, and international cooperation.