Abstract
Soil–plant–microbe interactions play a fundamental role in regulating nutrient cycling, root development, and crop productivity. This study investigated the biological impact of rhizosphere engineering on maize performance across two growing seasons. A randomized field experiment was conducted to compare control plots with plots treated using a targeted microbial consortium designed to enhance nutrient mobilization and microbial stability in the rhizosphere. Key parameters measured included nitrogen assimilation, phosphorus availability, root biomass, soil enzyme activity, microbial network stability, and final grain yield. Results demonstrated consistent and significant improvements in all biological indicators under microbial treatment. Nitrogen assimilation and phosphorus availability increased substantially, accompanied by enhanced root biomass and elevated soil enzyme activity. Microbial network stability also improved, indicating strengthened structural organization within the soil microbial community. These biological enhancements translated into a marked increase in maize yield across both seasons. Statistical analysis confirmed that treatment effects were robust and independent of seasonal variation. Regression modeling further identified nitrogen assimilation as the primary predictor of yield, suggesting that improved nutrient use efficiency is the central mechanism linking microbial intervention to productivity gains. Overall, the findings demonstrate that rhizosphere engineering enhances soil biological functioning and promotes sustainable maize production through improved nutrient acquisition and microbial ecosystem stability.