Abstract
Background:
Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most frequent problem that happens after a lumbar puncture (LP). As per the International, the Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III) describes a type of headache that feels like pain in the front or back of the head. Within 5 days after the LP symptoms that get worse when you stand up but get better or go away when you lie down. It might come with ringing in the ears and trouble hearing. Sensitivity to light or feeling sick. It usually gets better on its own in one week in most cases. Our study aims to identify both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contributing to the occurrence of PDPH in order to guide preventive measures and improve patient outcomes.
Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of four months with a sample size of 68 patients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed through SPSS version 27.0.1. Variables included age, gender, BMI, hydration status, history of headaches, needle size/type, number of puncture attempts, and operator experience.
Results:
The findings indicated that younger patients, females, and individuals with low BMI were more prone to PDPH. Procedural factors such as multiple puncture attempts, larger needle gauge, and less operator experience significantly increased the incidence of PDPH. Hydration status and history of headaches were also found to be strong predictors.
Conclusion:
The study concludes that both patient-related (age, gender, BMI, headache history) and Procedure-related factors (needle type, number of attempts, operator skill, hydration) play a critical role in the development of PDPH. Preventive strategies should focus on using smaller traumatic needles, ensuring adequate hydration, and improving operator expertise.