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Abstract
Objective: This research analyzes the occurrence patterns together with population demographics and diagnostic features among 20 to 49-year-olds who underwent rectoanal cancer treatment in a tertiary-care medical facility.
Methods: A retrospective observational study took place at the Department of General Surgery which operates within Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) in Karachi. The research team reviewed medical records of patients aged 20–49 with rectoanal cancer who received histopathological confirmation of their cancer diagnosis. The research team used structured questionnaires to gather data they analyzed through SPSS version 25. The analysis used trend assessment and descriptive statistics while chi-square and t-tests determined the associations between variables.
Results: The study examined 46 patients who represented a male demographic alongside female patients at a ratio of 1.5:1. These patients possessed an average age of 42.1 ± 5.4 years. Among the study subjects rectal cancer made up 71.7% of cases diagnosed. Out of all detected subtypes of cancer adenocarcinoma took the lead at 82.6%. The data showed an upward pattern of case incidence across different time periods as the numbers of diagnosed patients grew from 6 to 17. The majority of patients (65.2%) showed advanced-stage disease at diagnosis. The most prevalent treatment involved surgical procedures with complementary chemoradiological intervention. More than half of patients (52.2%) reported smoking habits and two-thirds of patients (67.4%) identified westernization of their diet as lifestyle risks. The survey revealed 15.2% of patients had a family history of colorectal cancer.
Conclusion: The number of rectoanal cancer cases among young adults in Pakistan has been on the rise because most of these patients develop advanced-stage disease while having a collection of lifestyle risk factors. The study's results demonstrate the need to enhance clinical detection strategies, raise public awareness of the risks young adults face, and explore screening methods for early identification.