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Abstract
Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to compare its frequency between patients with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes.
Study Design:
Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study:
This study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Provincial Headquarter Hospital Gilgit, from 22th Feb 2025 to 15th June 2025.
Methodology:
A total of 83 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 30 and 70 years who presented with chest pain were included in the study. Patients were selected by non-probability consecutive sampling. Glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c levels and patients were classified as controlled or uncontrolled diabetes. Coronary artery disease was diagnosed on the basis of clinical presentation, electrocardiographic changes and raised cardiac troponin I levels. All data were recorded on a predesigned proforma. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables while frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. Comparison of coronary artery disease between controlled and uncontrolled diabetes was done using chi square test and a p value of less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results:
Out of 83 patients, coronary artery disease was found in 29 patients which makes a frequency of 34.9 percent. Coronary artery disease was more commonly observed in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to those with controlled diabetes. Among uncontrolled patients, 45.2 percent had coronary artery disease while only 18.2 percent of controlled patients were affected and this difference was statistically significant. Increasing age, longer duration of diabetes, presence of hypertension, smoking history and positive family history of coronary artery disease were also found to be significantly associated with coronary artery disease.
Conclusion:
coronary artery disease is frequently seen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus especially in those with poor glycemic control. Early identification of high risk patients and better control of blood sugar levels may help in reducing cardiovascular complications and related mortality.