ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF NURSES REGARDING HIV TRANSMISSION IN PRIVATE SECTOR

Abstract

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major global public health concern and continues to challenge healthcare systems, particularly in developing countries. Nurses play a pivotal role in the prevention, management, and care of people living with HIV/AIDS. Adequate knowledge and safe clinical practices among nurses are essential to prevent occupational exposure, reduce stigma, and ensure quality patient care. However, misconceptions regarding HIV transmission and gaps in infection control practices persist, especially in private healthcare settings.

Aim: The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and practices of nurses regarding HIV transmission in private sector hospitals.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 registered nurses working in private sector hospitals. Participants were selected using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from validated tools assessing knowledge and practices related to HIV transmission. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were used to summarize the findings.

Results: The majority of participants were female (90.8%) and charge nurses (93.3%). Most nurses correctly identified blood transfusion as a mode of HIV transmission (70%), and 78.3% knew that HIV is not transmitted through casual contact. However, misconceptions persisted regarding disease progression, immunological aspects, and occupational risk. Although 60% of nurses encouraged HIV testing and most followed universal precautions, unsafe practices such as needle recapping (40.8%) and limited consideration of post-exposure prophylaxis (37.5%) were reported. Discriminatory attitudes toward HIV-positive patients were also observed.

Conclusion: The study revealed moderate knowledge and mixed practices among nurses regarding HIV transmission, highlighting the need for continuous education, strict infection control enforcement, and stigma-reduction interventions.