Abstract
Arthritis, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a long-term inflammatory disease that affects the whole body. It causes joint swelling, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage damage, and increasing disability. Current pharmacological treatments like NSAIDs, glucocorticoids and DMARDs help with symptoms but can have bad side effects and aren't always safe for a long time. This has led to more interest in plant-based medicines. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a leguminous herb that is grown every year and has been used in traditional medicine for a long time since it offers several health benefits. Fenugreek seeds are high in proteins, dietary fiber, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and essential fatty acids. They also have strong antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects. This review presents findings concerning the function of fenugreek seeds in the treatment of arthritis and inflammation. Experimental research investigating adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats indicate that fenugreek seed extracts and mucilage markedly decrease paw edema, ankle diameter, arthritic index, and inflammatory cells infiltration. Treatment also leads to enhanced body weight and significant decreases in cytokines that promote inflammation such as TNF-α and IL-6. Mechanistic studies suggest that fenugreek's therapeutic effects include an inhibition of activation of NF-B, suppression of COX/LOX pathways, decrease of oxidative stress, and modulation of leukotriene-mediated immunological responses. Antioxidant components also prevent tissue damage linked to chronic inflammation, maintain cell membranes, and reduce oxidative stress. Overall, the data indicate that fenugreek seeds have significant anti-arthritic properties and may be used as a supplemental or additional therapy method. Nonetheless, while preclinical data appear promising, additional clinical trials are required to validate efficacy, define optimal dosage, and assure long-term safety in populations of people.