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Abstract
Background: Poly-cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a most common hormonal disorder affecting females during reproductive age. The prevalence in Pakistan is 52 %. PCOS enhance a woman's risk of type 2 diabetes, infertility, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, anxiety, and depression.
Objective: - This study analyzed biochemical parameters related to lipid profiles in PCOS patients compared to a control group, aiming to predict and detect dyslipidemia in these groups.
Methodology: - A comparative case-control study was conducted at Shaikh Zayad Hospital in Larkana, Pakistan, from March 2023 to November 2025, involving 430 females—215 with (PCOS) and 215 healthy group. On the bases of Rotterdam Criteria participant were selected, with clinical history including anthropometric measurements, menstrual history, and symptoms of hirsutism, and menstrual history. Metabolic parameters, specifically lipid profiles, were measured and compared between the PCOS patients and the healthy group.
Result: - The average age for PCOS cases was 29.29 years with a BMI of 27.66 kg/m², while controls were 30.87 years with a BMI of 22.76 kg/m². Infertility affected 62.90% of PCOS individuals, particularly in younger women with higher BMI and tobacco use. Dyslipidemia was present in 60.46% of Pakistani PCOS women versus 11.62% in controls. Key associations with PCOS included elevated BMI, inactivity, junk food consumption, sleep deprivation, and lack of exercise. Symptoms commonly reported were hirsutism, acne, and menstrual irregularities. Statistical analysis was using SPSS v26, and p < 0.05.
Conclusion: - PCOS is associated with obesity, hirsutism, acne, irregular periods, high BMI, and raised diastolic blood pressure. Patients exhibit elevated dyslipidemia, especially with elevated serum LDL (22.79%), low HDL (49.30%), triglycerides (53.02%), and cholesterol (60.46%). PCOS patients have a much higher TC/HDL ratio (>6.67:1) than controls (3.38:1), suggesting a higher risk of heart disease. For successful therapy, early screening and a multidisciplinary management strategy are advised