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Abstract
Background:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men, often leading to lower urinary tract symptoms and potential urinary tract complications. Median lobe enlargement (MLE) has been proposed to exacerbate obstruction, but its impact on sonographically detectable complications remains unclear.
Objective:
To compare urinary tract complications in patients with BPH with and without median lobe enlargement using sonographic evaluation.
Methods:
This comparative study was conducted at Rahat Medical Complex, Lahore, over four months. A total of 130 male patients aged ≥50 years with sonographic evidence of BPH were included; patients with urethral stricture, prior prostate or bladder surgery, or neurogenic bladder were excluded. Sonography was performed using Mindray Z5 and Toshiba Xario 100 machines. Prostate volume, pre- and post-void residual urine, and urinary tract complications were recorded. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and chi-squared tests.
Results:
The mean age of participants was 71.91 ± 12.08 years. Mean prostate volume was 69.06 cm³, with significantly elevated pre-void residual volume (215.63 ml, P < 0.0001) and post-void residual volume (P < 0.0001). No significant associations were observed between MLE and urinary tract complications, including vesicoureteric junction calculus (P = 0.5986), vesicle calculus (P = 0.7868), renal colic (P = 0.7843), hydronephrosis (P = 0.3130), cystitis (P = 0.8402), or renal/bladder cysts (P = 0.5004).
Conclusion:
BPH is associated with increased residual urine volumes, but median lobe enlargement does not significantly increase sonographically detectable urinary tract complications. Ultrasonography remains a reliable, non-invasive tool for assessing prostate size, bladder function, and related urinary tract parameters.