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Abstract
Background: Gallstone disease also known as cholelithiasis, is a common gastrointestinal condition that is typified by the development of gallstones in the gallbladder, which mainly occurs as a result of imbalances in the composition of bile that includes cholesterol, bilirubin, and bile salts. The biochemical parameters of total cholesterol, total bilirubin and alanine transaminase (ALT) play an important role in evaluating the pathophysiological alterations and possible hepatobiliary complication of the disease.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation of cholelithiasis patients with total cholesterol, total bilirubin, and ALT.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was done on 123 identified patients of cholelithiasis in the hospitals of Kohat region. Blood were taken and analyzed with the help of the Mindray BA-88A chemistry analyzer. Only included hospitalized patients who still had their gallbladders. The results were interpreted with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics by means of SPSS v27. Results: The prevalence of women was 85.4 percent among the patients and the average age was 47 years, with most of them falling between 41-50. The total cholesterol (>200 mg/dl) showed 36.6% elevated levels, ALT (>40 U/L) 30.9% and bilirubin (>2 mg/dl) 26.9%, which shows a high correlation between the biochemical parameters and the pathology of gallstones. Also, the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension was reported in 13.0 and 17.1 percent of patients, respectively, but the information was incomplete, so analysis was limited.
Conclusion: The study highlights the significance of assessing the total cholesterol, total bilirubin, and ALT in the patients of cholelithiasis to identify the disease at an early stage and manage it more efficiently. These indicators are capable of indicating hepatobiliary malfunction and metabolism imbalance, which informs diagnostic and prophylactic plans. The gallstone burden can be greatly decreased through lifestyle modification and regular screening of biochemical parameters, particularly in the middle-ages.