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Abstract
Background
Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is increasingly used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to its glycemic and cardiometabolic benefits. However, its effects on serum electrolyte balance remain a subject of clinical interest, as subtle shifts in sodium and potassium levels may influence treatment safety and renal outcomes.
Objective
To assess the effect of dapagliflozin therapy on serum sodium and potassium levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Study Design
Quasi-experimental study.
Duration and Place of Study
The study was conducted from 18th January, 2025 to 1st July, 2025 at Sharif Medical City Hospital, Lahore.
Methodology
A total of 190 patients aged 30–60 years with diagnosed T2DM were enrolled. Participants received dapagliflozin 10 mg daily for three months. Serum sodium and potassium levels were measured at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Demographic variables, diabetes duration, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, and stratified analysis was performed based on age, gender, BMI, and duration of diabetes. A post-stratification T-test was applied, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results
The mean age of participants was 46.51 ± 8.28 years, with 71.6% males. Dapagliflozin therapy led to a statistically significant increase in mean serum sodium and potassium levels after three months (p < 0.001 for both). Stratified analysis revealed greater sodium increases in females, older adults, and those with longer diabetes duration, while potassium increases were more pronounced in younger patients and those with higher BMI. No adverse electrolyte disturbances were observed.
Conclusion
Dapagliflozin is associated with a mild but statistically significant increase in serum sodium and potassium levels, indicating its renal safety and stable electrolyte profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.