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Abstract
Background: Occupational exposure to urban air pollution has been consistently linked with adverse health outcomes. Chronically exposed population to vehicular emissions are at risk of hematological alterations, yet little evidence exists for local populations. Objective: To assess alterations of haematological indices as result of chronic occupational exposure to vehicular emissions. To provide guide-line to occupational health policies for protective interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted recruiting 90 participants including, Exposed group (traffic police, bus drivers, hawkers) and Unexposed group (teachers, clerks, students). Blood samples were analyzed for platelet indices (PLT, PDW, PDWC, PLCC, PLCR, MPV), coagulation parameters (PT, APTT), white and red blood cell counts. Descriptive statistics (Mean ± SD, range) were used for group comparisons. Results: Platelet counts were significantly lower in exposed groups with mean value of (223.2 ± 28.05 ×103/µL) compared to unexposed (271 ± 15.9 ×103/µL). Mean platelet volume (MPV) was comparable, though slightly reduced in exposed workers. Coagulation analysis showed prolonged PT in exposed (13.55 ± 0.64 sec) compared to unexposed group (12.16 ± 0.57 sec). APTT was found shortened in exposed (26.59 ± 0.58 sec) than unexposed group (29.93 ± 1.19 sec). White blood cell counts were consistently higher in exposed groups, indicating systemic inflammatory activation. Demographic data revealed longer exposure duration and higher smoking prevalence in traffic police, drivers and hawkers. Conclusion: Individuals occupationally exposed to vehicular emissions is associated with altered platelet indices, coagulation imbalance along with changes in hematological parameters. These findings highlight potential risks for thrombosis and cardiovascular disorders. Preventive strategies such as protective gear, reduced exposure duration and health monitoring are recommended.